报告 主要观点 Abstract of Talk |
In August 2024, the 25th World Congress of Philosophy was held in Rome, Italy. In his opening speech, Luca Maria Scarantino, the President of the Congress and of the International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP), quoted a striking idea from Thai philosopher Chaiwat Satha-Anand: philosophy is a tool that teaches us how to cultivate the ability to become vulnerable in the face of the dangers posed by indifferent globalization. This thought-provoking statement inspired deep reflection among the attendees on the ethical meaning of vulnerability. Scarantino further emphasized: “To me, treating philosophy as an education in mutual vulnerability is neither a delusion nor a naïve utopia. On the contrary, it is one of the core driving forces of philosophy, profoundly linked to both human nature and the cultural dimension.” Although this assertion may appear paradoxical, it carries profound implications. While traditional philosophy has long valued reason, autonomy, and independence, the concept of vulnerability reveals the inherent dependency, sensitivity, and openness of human beings to others. In confronting the increasing apathy, exclusion, and technological alienation brought by globalization, a re-examination of vulnerability offers not only moral insight but also a cross-cultural ethical pathway. From an ethical perspective, vulnerability is not a weakness but a fundamental existential condition. It discloses the nature of human beings as relational beings. Within the tradition of relational ethics, the moral identity of individuals does not emerge from an abstract self, but from their interrelations with others. It is precisely through conditions of being "woundable" and "dependent" that individuals awaken the capacities for empathy, care, responsibility, and justice. Thus, vulnerability is not only the precondition for ethical responsiveness, but also the moral foundation for constructing a culture of peace. Moreover, from the standpoint of philosophical history, mutual vulnerability can be seen as a latent theme running through classical ethics, modern theories of subjectivity, and contemporary care ethics, feminist ethics, and environmental ethics. For instance, Emmanuel Levinas stressed that the “face of the Other” calls me into ethical responsibility; Judith Butler argued that human injurability underpins political and ethical communities; and thinkers in care ethics, such as Joan Tronto, have rooted the ethic of care precisely in the fragile interdependence among people. In this age of radical uncertainty, technological indifference, and escalating ecological crises, reaffirming the ethical status of vulnerability is not only a way for philosophy to meaningfully engage with the world, but also a practical path toward peaceful coexistence. Only by acknowledging our finitude and openness can we foster genuine understanding and trust with others, and seek reconciliation and coexistence amid pluralistic conflicts.
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